Abstract

Measurement uncertainties and product classification of water heaters within the framework of the new EU energy labelling and eco-design regulations

Highlights

  • Water heating presents an important element of energy consumption in the residential sector

  • Where: - Qnonsol, is the annual contribution of electricity and/or fuels to the useful heat output of a solar water heater or a package of water heater and solar device, taking into account the annual amount of heat captured by the solar collector and the heat losses of the solar hot water storage tank; useful energy extracted through the sequence of draw-offs, in kWh - ηnh,nonsol, is the water heating energy efficiency of a heat generator which is part of a solar water heater, expressed in %, established under average climate

  • According to relations (5) – (10) and the Type B uncertainties proposed in table 1, the uncertainty of the ηwh can be calculated for the load profiles anticipated in the Directive. As it may be seen, the calculated uncertainty depends on the duration of the draw-offs, as well as on the Coefficient Of Performance (COP) of the heat pump

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Summary

INTRODUCTION

Water heating presents an important element of energy consumption in the residential sector. Implementation of the energy labelling [5] and eco-design regulations [6] Both schemes use the energy efficiency as reference indicator for water heaters. On the basis of the determined value of the energy efficiency indicator for the specific product, the energy labelling regulation proceeds to a classification of the system, while the eco-design directive imposes specific requirements for the threshold the indicator value has to overcome. Within this context, it is important for the manufacturer and the consumer to have access to reliable information for the energy efficiency of the system. The discussion investigates the relation of the estimated uncertainties with the limits proposed for the classification of the systems or the requirements set

Energy Labelling Directive
Ecodesign Directive
RESULTS
CONCLUSIONS
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