Abstract

A method is described for assessing quantitatively the influence of electromagnetic fields on the function of implanted cardiac pacemakers. This influence may occur either indirectly by the action as an antenna of the catheter, or directly by induction into the pacemaker's electronic circuit. The technique comprises: measurement of the influence of electric voltages of various frequencies applied directly across the generator's output connections; determination of the aerial factor of the catheter configuration; combination of the data acquired to a diagram of overall sensitivity of the combination, in which a 10% variation of maximum output pulse amplitude, pulse width, or repetition rate of the pacemaker, whichever occurs first, has been chosen as a limit; comparison of this sensitivity/frequency curve with the electromagnetic field strength produced by several commonly used apparatus; and measurement of the direct influence of fields on the pacemaker itself. It is concluded, that disturbance of pacemaker action may occur in the vicinity of apparatus designed to produce electromagnetic fields, such as broadcast transmitters, diathermy applicators, and radar sets. Normal household appliances appear to be safe in the respect investigated.

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