Abstract
Oil and gas pipeline networks require the periodic inspection of their infrastructure, which can cause gas and oil leakage with several damages to the environment and human health. For this, non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques of low-cost and easy implementation are required. An option is the metal magnetic memory (MMM) method, which could be used for real-time monitoring defects of ferromagnetic structures based on the analysis of self-magnetic leakage fields distribution around each defect. This method only requires magnetic sensors with high resolution and a data processing system. We present a measurement system of tangential and normal MMM signals of three rectangular defects of an ASTM A-36 steel pipe. This system is formed by a magnetoresistive sensor, an Arduino nano and a virtual instrumentation. The measured magnetic signals have non-uniform distributions around the rectangular defects, which have small differences with respect to the results obtained of a 2D magnetic dipole model. The size of each rectangular defect is related to the amplitude and shape of its tangential and normal MMM signals. The proposed system could be used for real-time monitoring of the size and location of rectangular defects of ferromagnetic pipes. This system does not require expensive equipment, operators with high skill level or a special treatment of the ferromagnetic samples.
Highlights
The infrastructure for a gas and oil pipeline network must be constantly monitored using non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques to assure its safe operation
The proposed system uses a low-cost magnetoresistive sensor, an Arduino nano and a virtual instrumentation. This system could allow the inspection of rectangular defects and it does not need
The defect with the largest depth achieves the highest value of the tangential magnetic memory (MMM) response, while the defect with smallest depth has the lowest value of tangential MMM signal
Summary
The infrastructure for a gas and oil pipeline network must be constantly monitored using non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques to assure its safe operation. Ultrasonic testing has high sensitivity for detection of small flaws, but it needs reference standards for calibrating the equipment as well as operators with extensive training and experience [8,9] Another NDT technique is the acoustic emission, which is used for monitoring discontinuities on a large area using multiple sensors whose signals must be interpreted by inspectors with extensive technical knowledge [10]. The MMM method does not require additional equipment, external magnetic field sources and special treatment on the structures surface This magnetic method has a simple operation principle and it could be used for defects inspection of pipeline network using magnetic sensors with high resolution.
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