Abstract
Abstract. Amino acids (AAs) are relevant for nitrogen cycles, climate change and public health. Their size distribution may help to uncover the source, transformation and fate of protein in the atmosphere. This paper explores the use of compound-specific δ15N patterns of hydrolyzed amino acid (HAA), δ15N values of total hydrolyzed amino acid (δ15NTHAA), degradation index (DI) and the variance within trophic AAs (∑V) as markers to examine the sources and processing history of different sizes of particle in the atmosphere. Two weeks of daily aerosol samples from five sampling sites in the Nanchang area (Jiangxi Province, China) and samples of main emission sources of AAs in aerosols (biomass burning, soil and plants) were collected (Zhu et al., 2020). Here, we measured the concentrations and δ15N values of each HAA in two size-segregated aerosol particles (> 2.5 µm and PM2.5). Our results showed that the average concentrations of THAA in fine particles was nearly 6 times higher than that in coarse particles (p < 0.01) and composition profiles of fine and coarse particles were quite different from each other. The δ15N values of hydrolyzed glycine and THAA in both fine and coarse particles were typically in the range of those from biomass burning, soil and plant sources. Moreover, the average difference in the δ15NTHAA value between fine and coarse particles was smaller than 1.5 ‰. These results suggested that the sources of atmospheric HAAs for fine and coarse particles might be similar. Meanwhile, compared to fine particles, significantly lower DI values (p < 0.05), “scattered” δ15N distribution in trophic AA and higher ∑V values (p < 0.05) were observed in coarse particles. But the difference in δ15N values of source AA (glycine, serine, phenylalanine and lysine) and THAA between coarse particles and fine particles was relatively small. It is likely that AAs in coarse particles have advanced bacterial degradation states compared to fine particles. Besides that, the significant increase in DI values and a decrease in ∑V values for coarse particles were observed on days on which precipitation fell (p < 0.05). This implies that “fresh” AAs in coarse particles were likely released following the precipitation.
Highlights
An increasing number of researchers highlight the importance of amino acids (AAs) in the atmosphere because AA is considered to be one of the most important organic nitrogen compounds in atmosphere (Zhang et al, 2002; Matos et al, 2016)
There is no significant difference in the δ15NTHAA value between fine and coarse particles in each sampling site (p > 0.05) (Fig. 4c), and the average offset of δ15NTHAA value between fine and coarse particles was lower than 1.5 ± 1.7 ‰ at the five sampling sites (Fig. 4a).it is suggested that the main sources of AAs in fine and coarse particles might be similar, all of which were influenced by biomass burning, soil and plant sources
Pooling δ15NGly values from literature data, we found that the δ15NGly values in ocean high-molecular-weight dissolved organic matter (DOM), cyanobacteria and plankton ranged from −16.6 ‰ to +7.7 ‰ (McCarthy et al, 2007; Mcclelland and Montoya, 2002; Chikaraishi et al, 2009; Calleja et al, 2013), which was close to the range of the natural sources including plant and soil sources
Summary
An increasing number of researchers highlight the importance of amino acids (AAs) in the atmosphere because AA is considered to be one of the most important organic nitrogen compounds in atmosphere (Zhang et al, 2002; Matos et al, 2016). Primary biological aerosol particles (e.g, plants, soil, pollen, bacteria, fungi, spores and debris of living things), biomass burning, and agricultural activities are generally suggested to be the main contributing sources of atmospheric AAs (Matos et al, 2016; Mace et al, 2003). It is still unclear whether the fine and coarse particles of AAs are influenced by different sources. The DI, V value and δ15N value patterns of hydrolyzed AA in fine and coarse particles were analysed to explore the possible bacterial degradation of HAAs in fine and coarse particles
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