Abstract
Purpose To analyze the reliability and validity of a picture-based questionnaire, the Modified Spinal Function Sort (M-SFS). Methods Sixty-two injured workers with chronic musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) were recruited from two work rehabilitation centers. Internal consistency was assessed by Cronbach’s alpha. Construct validity was tested based on four a priori hypotheses. Structural validity was measured with principal component analysis (PCA). Test–retest reliability and agreement was evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and measurement error with the limits of agreement (LoA). Results Total score of the M-SFS was 54.4 (SD 16.4) and 56.1 (16.4) for test and retest, respectively. Item distribution showed no ceiling effects. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.94 and 0.95 for test and retest, respectively. PCA showed the presence of four components explaining a total of 74% of the variance. Item communalities were >0.6 in 17 out of 20 items. ICC was 0.90, LoA was ±12.6/16.2 points. The correlations between the M-SFS were 0.89 with the original SFS, 0.49 with the Pain Disability Index, −0.37 and −0.33 with the Numeric Rating Scale for actual pain, −0.52 for selfreported disability due to chronic low back pain, and 0.50, 0.56–0.59 with three distinct lifting tests. No a priori defined hypothesis for construct validity was rejected. Conclusions The M-SFS allows reliable and valid assessment of perceived self-efficacy for work-related tasks and can be recommended for use in patients with chronic MSD. Further research should investigate the proposed M-SFS score of <56 for its predictive validity for non-return to work.
Highlights
According to the Global Burden of Disease Study, musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) are a leading cause of work disability, inflicting substantial burden on society and the individual [1]
perceived self-efficacy (PSE) affects how people behave in difficult situations, and people who doubt their capabilities shy away from tasks that they view as a personal threat
Male participants scored 64.0 and female 48.0.Total score item distribution by gender of the first test is displayed in Fig. 2
Summary
According to the Global Burden of Disease Study, musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) are a leading cause of work disability, inflicting substantial burden on society and the individual [1]. Long-term work disability in patients with MSD is often associated with low perceived self-efficacy [2]. According to Bandura, perceived self-efficacy (PSE) refers to the individual’s beliefs about their own competence and ability to undertake behaviors to achieve desired goals [3]. PSE is embedded in the theory of planned behavior (TPB). Behavioral intentions reflect the effort that people plan to behave in the valued direction and they are a function of: (a) the person attitude toward the behavior; (b) person’s perception of social norms regarding the behavior; and (c) the perceived behavioral control i.e. the person’s perception of ease or difficulty
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