Abstract
A PIXE (Proton Induced X-ray Emission) analysis is applied for measuring the concentration of 21 major and minor trace metal elements (in the range of Z =13-53) for normal, adenoma and carcinoma human thyroid tissues. A 2.0 MeV proton beam was employed to excite the samples. The thyroid samples were obtained from 14 patients during surgical operations, with which normal and damaged parts are concerned as an aid to understand the mechanisms of formation of thyroid cancer and as a complementary diagnostic tool. Thirty samples were measured in total. Fourteen samples of them were in pairs, i.e.14 tumor samples with 14 corresponding healthy tissue specimens taken at a distance from the tumor. The statistical analysis of the results shows the lower levels of the mean value of iron and iodine in the carcinoma tissues than those in the normal tissues; especially iodine is about one tenth of the normal value. On the contrary, the elevation of the mean value for calcium and zinc in the carcinoma tissues in comparison with the normal ones is observed, while in the adenoma tissues copper is very lower than those in the normal thyroid. The concentration of iron in the adenoma is two times of normal tissues.
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