Abstract
Abstract The effect of the droplet size on the accuracy of surface tension measurement by the sessile drop method is discussed for liquid metals through a simulation by using the Laplace equation. It is found that with increasing size of the droplet, a higher accuracy of the measured value of the surface tension can be obtained. In order to make a large droplet of liquid metals, the constrained drop method with a special crucible shape was applied to measure the surface tension of liquid Ga, Sn, Bi, In, and Pb. The uncertainty of the measured surface tension was within 1%. The temperature dependences of the surface tension of liquid Ga, Sn, Bi, In, and Pb were obtained in the present experiment as follows: Ga: σGa = 737 − 0.062T mN/m (823 ≤ T ≤ 993K) Sn: σSn = 579 − 0.066T mN/m (723 ≤ T ≤ 993K) Bi: σBi = 417 − 0.070T mN/m (773 ≤ T ≤ 873K) In: σIn = 600 − 0.082T mN/m (673 ≤ T ≤ 993K) Pb: σPb = 499 − 0.089T mN/m (757 ≤ T ≤ 907K)
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