Abstract
To promote the development of an optimally functional total hip prosthesis for medium and large dog breeds, accurate measurements of the normal anatomy of the proximal femur and acetabular retroversion are essential. The aim of the current study was to obtain precise normal values of the femoral anteversion angle using computed tomography on cadavers of mature dogs with normal hip joints of both medium and large breeds. Based on the length of their femora 58 dogs were allocated either to group I: ≤195 mm or group II: >195 mm. In the study the femoral anteversion angle (FAA) was measured on each femur using multi-slice spiral computed tomography (CT). The data were processed as multi-planar and three-dimensional reconstructions using Advantage Workstation software. The CT measurements showed that the mean ± standard deviation (SD) FAA of group I was 31.34 ± 5.47° and in group II it was 31.02 ± 4.95°. There were no significant mean difference associations between the length of the femur and the femoral neck angle in either group (P > 0.05). The data suggest that a prosthesis FAA of 31 degrees would be suitable for a wide range of dog sizes.
Highlights
The hind limb is frequently affected by several orthopedic diseases, such as hip dysplasia especially in medium and large dog breeds [1,2,3,4,5,6]
Twenty-three dogs were excluded from the study due to orthopedic abnormalities or signs of hip joint disease which had been detected
Because the dogs used in this study varied in their nutritional status and history, body mass was not included as a morphological parameter [32]
Summary
The hind limb is frequently affected by several orthopedic diseases, such as hip dysplasia especially in medium and large dog breeds [1,2,3,4,5,6]. The femoral anteversion angle (FAA) is a significant and frequently used measure for understanding the orientation of the proximal end of the femur [7,8,9]. It plays an important role in the assessment of the health of the hip joint due to its involvement in the development of coxarthrosis in dogs [1, 10]. It indicates the degree of torsion of the femoral neck and head cranially and represents external rotation of the femoral neck and head relative to the distal femur [11,12,13]. In a larger than normal FAA, the lever arm between the center of the femoral head and the greater
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