Measurement of supramolecular effective molarities for intramolecular H-bonds in zinc porphyrin–imidazole complexes

Abstract

The association constants for formation of 1 : 1 complexes between five different imidazole ligands and eight different porphyrins have been measured by UV/vis titration experiments in two different solvents, toluene and 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (TCE). Ligands equipped with H-bond acceptors (ester or amide) and porphyrins equipped with H-bond donors (phenol) can make H-bonds in addition to the zinc-nitrogen coordination interaction. The free energy contributions of these H-bonds to the overall stabilities of the complexes were determined using chemical double mutant cycles. Amide-phenol H-bonds contribute up to 5 kJ mol(-1) to the free energy change on complexation, and ester-phenol H-bonds contribute up to 3 kJ mol(-1). Porphyrin-ligand combinations with poor geometric complementarity do not make detectable H-bonding interactions. Effective molarities (EM) for the formation of H-bonds in the complexes were estimated by comparing the equilibrium constants for formation of the intramolecular interaction with the corresponding intermolecular interaction: the values are between 3 mM and 200 mM, which is comparable to previous results obtained for porphyrin-pyridine complexes. The values of EM measured for flexible and rigid ligand systems are comparable. This suggests that there is a trade off between restriction of conformational mobility in the flexible ligands and geometric strain in the rigid ligands, which results in similar binding affinities.