Abstract
Theories have been developed by several authors to calculate velocities of bulk, guided and surface waves in polycrystalline aggregates of cubic metals. These theories can be used to predict the effect of texture on ultrasonic velocity in rolled aluminium and steel sheet, provided that the effects of dislocations, second-phase particles, inclusions, etc. can be ignored. The theories predict that ultrasonic velocities will will be influenced by three orientation distribution coefficients (ODCs). The ODCs are quantitative measures of the texture in the material; in general, more than three ODC are required to completely characterize texture. Neutron diffraction pole figures can also be used to obtain the ODCs. Neutron diffraction measurements of ODC can be compared against ultrasonic values to obtain an independent check on the validity of the ultrasonic theories. In this work, the texture of thin sheets of a commercial grade aluminium alloy was measured with both ultrasonics and neutron diffraction. Several ultrasonic techniques were employed, using bulk, guided and surface waves. Both piezoelectric and electromagnetic-acoustic transducers (EMATs) were used. Quantitative measurements of texture made with different ultrasonic techniques were in good agreement. These ultrasonic measurements also agreed with neutron diffraction measurements, indicating that the dominant features of the effect of texture on wave propagation have been modelled with sufficient accuracy. The extension of the ultrasonic technique to on-line (production) monitoring of texture is considered. In particular, it appears that EMATs are the transducer of choice for on-line texture measurement of rolled sheet, since they are non-contacting.
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