Abstract
The current transformation of power systems is aiming towards distributed source integration and general decentralization. Renewable energy sources and support of local energy supply create conditions for widespread use of new technologies and smart grids. As the electrical grids become more electrically independent, the importance of frequency control will rise. Stability of the system in such cases is no longer only relying on rotating inertia of generators as in the centralized grid. This known scenario has already been analyzed by many with computational models for optimal safety precautions of the grid. This paper aims to update the common home appliance frequency characteristics through measurements and compare them to those currently used. These devices were divided into two groups: general categorization and light sources. Subsequently, the frequency sensitivity coefficients were evaluated and analyzed home appliances were sorted into three categories according to the size of their frequency sensitivity coefficient values: positive, negative, and no effect. The results were compared with studies aimed at evaluating the static load characteristics. A simplified simulation of the frequency control, presented in the discussion section, was carried out to determine the consequences of the newly measured characteristics and concludes the paper.
Highlights
The power system is a complex nonlinear system in which operational safety and reliability are the highest priority; these are ensured by meeting the requirements of its stability
These difficulties include the stochastic nature of the load, the number of load nodes in a power system, the lack of data surrounding the load, and uncertainties regarding the characteristics of many load components [5,7,8]
The smart grid can be described as an electrical grid that can sensibly integrate the activities of all its users using digital technologies, enabling two-way communication between participants of the electricity market to improve distribution efficiency, energy use, and other energy measures
Summary
The power system is a complex nonlinear system in which operational safety and reliability are the highest priority; these are ensured by meeting the requirements of its stability. The smart grid can be described as an electrical grid that can sensibly integrate the activities of all its users using digital technologies, enabling two-way communication between participants of the electricity market to improve distribution efficiency, energy use, and other energy measures These factors create a precondition for perceiving the smart grid to a certain extent as a local small power system in an island operation. The downside may be that a large part of the power supply is dependent on weather conditions, predetermining the possible power fluctuations with the ability to significantly affect the frequency in such a small network These factors combined with contingencies present an increased risk of power system operation and the equipment connected to the system. Discussions about measurement and simulation results have separate subsections within their main sections as well
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