Abstract
The evaluation of the biomarkers of oxidative status is usually performed in serum, however, other samples, such as red blood cells (RBCs) lysates or whole blood (WB), can be used. The objective of this study was to evaluate if a comprehensive panel of redox biomarkers can be measured in the WB and RBCs of dogs, and their possible changes “in vitro” after the addition of different concentrations of ascorbic acid. The panel was integrated by biomarkers of the antioxidant status, such as cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), thiol and paraoxonase type 1 (PON-1), and of the oxidant status, such as total oxidant status (TOS), peroxide-activity (POX-Act), reactive oxygen-derived compounds (d-ROMs), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). All the assays were precise and accurate in WB and RBCs lysates. In addition, they showed changes after ascorbic acid addition that are in line with previously published results, being WB more sensitive to detect these changes in our experimental conditions. In conclusion, the panel of assays used in this study can be measured in the WB and RBCs of the dog. In particular, the higher sensitivity to detect changes in our experimental conditions and its easier sample preparation makes WB a promising sample for the evaluation of redox status in dogs, with also potential applications to other animal species and humans.
Highlights
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutralThe oxidation–reduction homeostasis is of high importance to life, being involved in the most important biological processes [1]
Redox status can be assessed by the measurement of oxidant substances such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) [2,3] and by the evaluation of the antioxidant status, using biomarkers of the total oxidant capacity (TAC) as the cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), as well as, individual antioxidant compounds such as thiol, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and paraoxonase type-1 (PON-1) [4,5,6,7]
To the author’s knowledge, this is the first study to report the use of CUPRAC, FRAP, TEAC, thiol, paraoxonase type 1 (PON-1), total oxidant status (TOS), derived compounds (d-ROMs), POX-Act and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) in whole blood (WB) and red blood cells (RBCs) lysate samples from dogs
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutralThe oxidation–reduction (redox) homeostasis is of high importance to life, being involved in the most important biological processes [1]. Redox status can be assessed by the measurement of oxidant substances such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) [2,3] and by the evaluation of the antioxidant status, using biomarkers of the total oxidant capacity (TAC) as the cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), as well as, individual antioxidant compounds such as thiol, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and paraoxonase type-1 (PON-1) [4,5,6,7]. The evaluation of biomarkers of redox status is usually performed in serum, other samples, such as red blood cells (RBCs) lysates, whole blood (WB), saliva and urine, can be used. The involvement of RBCs in the measurement of redox analytes have the potential advantage of being more sensitive to oxidative stress due to their role in with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations
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