Abstract
Lα, Lβ, and Lγ X-ray fluorescence cross sections for Ho and Yb have been measured at various incident photon energies in the energy range 16.04 ≤ E ≤ 24.68 keV. The measurements have been done using an X-ray tube with a secondary-excitor system of Zr, Nb, Mo, Cd, and In. The experimental values of the cross-sections were determined by measuring the absolute yield of L subshell X-rays emitted from a standard target of a given energy. Theoretical tabulated values of subshell photoionization cross-sections, fluorescence yields, Coster-Kronig transition probabilities and radioactive decay rates have been used to calculate the theoretical values of the cross-sections. The experimental results of the cross-sections at various excitation energies have been compared with theoretically calculated values. Fairly good agreement is obtained between the present experimental results and the calculated values.
Highlights
A large variety of measurements of photoionaization cross section at photon energies from 5 keV to 1 MeV in different elements with atomic numbers 22 ≤ Z ≤ 92 have been reported in literature [1]-[8]
The measured values of L X-ray fluorescence cross-sections for Ho and Yb at different incident photon energies have been plotted as a function of incident photon energy and are shown in Figure 2(a) and Figure 2(b)
According to Equation (1) the overall error in the measurement L X-ray fluorescence cross-section is estimated to be around 8%, except for the L X-ray line around 10%
Summary
A large variety of measurements of photoionaization cross section at photon energies from 5 keV to 1 MeV in different elements with atomic numbers 22 ≤ Z ≤ 92 have been reported in literature [1]-[8]. L X-ray fluorescence cross-sections and their intensities can be calculated by using photoelectric cross-sections, fluorescence yields, and fractional emission rates Uncertainties in these tabulated quantities largely reflect the error in L X-ray fluorescence cross-sections. Rao [11] has reported L X-ray fluorescence cross-sections (σL) for elements in the atomic region of 46 ≤ Z ≤ 51, excited by photons of energies 6.47, 7.57, and 8.12 keV. Mann [13] measured Ll, Lα, Lβ, and Lγ X-ray production cross-section by 59.57 keV photons for elements of 57 ≤ Z ≤ 68 and earlier for 73 ≤ Z ≤ 92. Earlier experimental L X-ray cross-sections were measured using radioisotopes as excitation sources [14]-[19] They have the advantages of stable intensity and a well-defined energy, and small size, which allows compact, and efficiency geometry, and they operated without any external power. Lα, Lβ, and Lγ X-ray production cross-sections were measured for Ho and Yb at the above mentioned photon excitation energies
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