Abstract
An in-depth understanding of oxygen transport in flooded lead acid batteries is necessary to better understand and mitigate water loss in the next generation of batteries for start-stop vehicle applications. The presence of the oxygen cycle leads to a lower rate of water loss observed during intermittent drive cycle testing compared to the gassing that would be calculated from the integrated overcharge current into the battery [1]. A model of the oxygen cycle in flooded lead acid batteries has been proposed [2] but until recently the oxygen transport through the separator-electrolyte system hasn’t been measured.A method for measuring oxygen transport through the separator-electrolyte system has been developed which uses electrodes harvested from commercial batteries. In this method, the separator is sealed between two chambers of a test cell, one containing the positive electrode and the other containing the negative electrode plus a reference. A constant stream of oxygen is delivered to the positive side of the cell using an air pump and diffuser. The negative side is purged, sealed and constantly stirred. The cell is charged and allowed to rest at OCV. Oxygen diffuses from the constant source on the positive side to the negative side where it oxidizes some of the negative active mass. This creates a measurable capacity change at the negative electrode which can be measured during a potentiostatically-controlled recharge cycle.We will report on measurements of oxygen transport through the separator-electrolyte system for different separator materials in a flooded cell using commercial lead acid electrodes. Results are compared with modeling of the oxygen cycle and related to factors in the separator which influence the oxygen transport rate, such as porosity, pore size distribution and tortuosity,.[1] Wirth, 16ELBC, 07 September 2018, Vienna Austria[2] Meissner, Scientific Workshop: High-Temperature Durability Tests for Advanced Lead 12-V Batteries, 30 January 2017, Kloster Eberbach, Germany
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