Abstract
The variable values of 226Ra, 228Ra and 40K were identified in coal and coal combustion residuals (CCR) samples to redistribute radionuclides using 228Ra/226Ra activity ratios in CCRs and compared to their values in the corresponding feed coal. NORM concentrations in CCRs were found to be 6–12 times higher than the original coal. The effective dose rates in the original coal were calculated and ranged from 14.9 ± 0.9 to 370.3 ± 22.2 μSv year−1, whereas in CCRs ranged from 257.5 ± 20.6 to 1797.5 ± 143.8 μSv year−1. The average concentration of 40K (120 Bq kg−1 per 1% K2O in CCRs) was calculated. The chemical composition indicates that the majority of CCR samples are Type C, which has a high calcium oxide ratio, high melting points and low deposition.
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