Measurement of femoral torsion using the EOS system: Validity, reliability, and perspectives for children and adults with cerebral palsy

Abstract

deformities, are multilevel localised in same direction or, more frequently, in opposite directions. Nevertheless, more frequent patterns were identifying. Foot progression angle is internal in 61% of the case, neutral in 18% of the cases and external in 21% of the cases. Pelvic rotation is internal in 41% of the cases, neutral in 32% of the cases and external in 27% of the cases. Hip rotation is internal in 29% of the cases, neutral in 44% of the cases and external in 27% of the cases. Ankle rotation is internal in 55% of the cases, neutral in 29% of the cases and external in 16% of the cases. Discussion.– Lower limb rotational troubles are often localised on many levels and are in opposite directions for 46% of the cases. Pelvic rotational troubles as single cause of abnormal foot progression angle represents 17% of the cases and cannot be revealed by physical examination. The ignorance of it can lead to inadequate therapeutic decision. Internal ankle rotation represents 29% of single cause of abnormal foot progression angle. The study could not revealed a classification as in sagittal plane. Big variety of associated lower limb torsional troubles by a same CP child need kinematic for identification of all troubles. Three-dimensional gait analysis data associated with physical examination is essential to find causes of lower limb rotational troubles (torsional bone deformity, muscles spasticity, muscles contracture).