Abstract
Image analysis techniques have been employed to measure displacements, deformation, crack propagation, and structural health monitoring. With the rapid development and wide application of digital imaging technology, consumer digital cameras are commonly used for making such measurements because of their satisfactory imaging resolution, video recording capability, and relatively low cost. However, three-dimensional dynamic response monitoring and measurement on large-scale structures pose challenges of camera calibration and synchronization to image analysis. Without satisfactory camera position and orientation obtained from calibration and well-synchronized imaging, significant errors would occur in the dynamic responses during image analysis and stereo triangulation. This paper introduces two camera calibration approaches that are suitable for large-scale structural experiments, as well as a synchronization method to estimate the time difference between two cameras and further minimize the error of stereo triangulation. Two structural experiments are used to verify the calibration approaches and the synchronization method to acquire dynamic responses. The results demonstrate the performance and accuracy improvement by using the proposed methods.
Highlights
Conducting structural dynamic experiments is an important aspect of structural engineering research and the development of structural health monitoring techniques
The measurement techniques for dynamic structural experiments carried out on shake tables are used for measurement system verification, structural health monitoring, and structural damage identification algorithms
The image analysis method employed in this work comprises four main procedures: camera calibration, targetanalysis tracking, synchronization, andwork stereo triangulation
Summary
Conducting structural dynamic experiments is an important aspect of structural engineering research and the development of structural health monitoring techniques. The dramatically increasing number of sensors increases the number of wires and the time required for instrumentation and experimental preparation All together, these issues increase the difficulties and cost of large-scale shake table experiments. These issues increase the difficulties and cost of large-scale shake table experiments Another measurement approach is remote sensing exploiting optical tracking systems, light detection and ranging (LiDAR), and image analysis. Since the images record the overall regions of a specimen, they can be used to measure regional information such as strain fields and crack distribution and development [20], whereas local sensors would require excessive instrumentation and deployment. Large-scale dynamic structural experiments such as shake table tests bring challenges to image analysis in stereo camera calibration and synchronization [25]. Two shake table experiments were used to verify and demonstrate the effects of the approaches and to demonstrate the measurement of dynamic displacements in the experiments
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