Abstract
Salmonella typhimurium strains which are commonly used in the Ames test for screening potential carcinogens were examined for a number of drug-metabolizing systems. Neither cytochrome P-450 itself nor two activities catalyzed by the cytochrome P-450 system in mammalian cells, i.e., benzpyrene monooxygenase and ethoxycoumarin O-deethylation, could be detected. Nor do these bacterial strains demonstrate any ability to detoxify epoxides by hydrating them or to conjugate p-nitrophenol with glucuronic acid. On the other hand, S. typhimurium strains G46, TA1535, TA100, TA1538 and TA98 contain considerable amounts of acid-soluble thiols, approx. 5–10% of which is glutathione. These bacteria can also enzymatically conjugate glutathione with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) and can reduce oxidized glutathione using NADPH as cofactor. Thus, enzymatic and non-enzymatic reaction of immediate carcinogens with thiol groups in S. typhimurium may have a significant effect on the outcome of the Ames test in certain cases.
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