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Abstract
Breathlessness is the main symptom experienced by patients with malignant pleural effusions (MPEs). Measuring breathlessness is important for clinical trials, assessment of treatment efficacy in individual patients and service evaluation. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) used for this purpose need to be appropriate, acceptable, feasible, interpretable, precise, reliable, valid, responsive and have a minimal important difference (MID) determined for this specific patient group. In this article, I describe and assess PROMs which have been used to measure dyspnoea in patients with MPEs and highlight the problems of using a PROM which does not fulfil these criteria. Of the PROMs described, the visual analogue scale for dyspnoea has been used most frequently in clinical trials and has been demonstrated to fulfil the majority of these criteria.
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