Abstract
ABSTRACT Self-developed sensing modules were implemented in a symmetric silo of flat base to study the spatial-temporal evolution of the normal and tangential boundary force from the onset of a granular discharge. The static force profiles can be reproduced by Janssen’s model but peculiar variation into non-Janssen force depth profiles was detected after the onset of discharge. Interestingly, the two force components evolved in a consistent manner at steady discharge to yield a narrow range of the effective wall friction coefficient μ w. As for the transient phase before the steady discharge, different transient evolution trends were discovered for μw (t) to a value much greater than the value at steady discharge and the type of μw (t) evolution is closely tied with the initial static force state.
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