Measurement of binary diffusion at elevated Knudsen numbers using laser absorption spectroscopy

Abstract

Mass diffusion coefficients of gas mixtures have been measured for more than 100 years. However, the experimental data for the mass diffusion coefficient of gas mixtures in the rarefied gas regimes at Knudsen numbers (Kn) above 0.01 are few and remain uncertain due to the inherent precision limitations of the available state-of-the-art measurement techniques. The increased frequency of gas-wall collision, wall-friction, and surface-diffusion over the wall surface at Kn > 0.01 increases the uncertainty of the diffusive mass transport processes for internal gas flow in microcapillaries. Due to the growing interest in microfluidic applications at rarefied gas conditions, accurate diffusion coefficient measurements are needed to inform theoretical predictions and empirical relations in rarefied gas regimes. Thus, this article introduces a new experiment methodology consisting of a two-bulb (TB) diffusion configuration accompanied by a tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) detection technique that uses the measured time history of path-integrated absorbance to provide a non-intrusive, species-specific, in situ measurement of mass diffusion for a He–CO2 binary gas mixture at Kn > 0.01. To demonstrate the TB-TDLAS method's capability, the effective diffusion coefficient for a He–CO2 binary gas mixture was measured in the transition gas regime at Knudsen numbers relative to the tube radius in the range 0.1 < Kn < 5.4, and the results are compared against the Bosanquet empirical relation.