Abstract
The objective is to establish cavitation limits for an operational transmit array. Measurements on a single 1‐kHz Sanders model 30 flextensional transducer cover an input power range of 140 to 4860 W at pulse lengths of 20 ms and 2 s. Acoustic tank and lake measurements, supplemented by underwater television video recordings, indicate: (i) near‐field pressure waveform distortion is the earliest indicator of localized bubble formation or “soft” cavitation (500 W); (ii) the steady reduction of electrical drive impedance (175 to 75 Ω) and a steady increase in near‐field pressure harmonic distortion (0% to 50%) are directly related to the growth of the cavitation field as electrical drive power is increased; (iii) near‐field pressure broadband energy increases with cavitation development; and (iv) at the highest drive levels, the expected bifurcation of the fundamental frequency is observed indicating the presence of “hard” or transient cavitation. Near‐field acoustic holography data provide surface pressure distributions and correlation of cavitation inception predictions with the video data. The relationships of these metrics to far‐field source levels and beampatterns will be discussed in the context of defining an overall operational transmit system drive levels.
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