Measurement-induced transitions of the entanglement scaling law in ultracold gases with controllable dissipation

Abstract

Recent studies of quantum circuit models have theoretically shown that frequent measurements induce a transition in a quantum many-body system, which is characterized by the change of the scaling law of the entanglement entropy from a volume law to an area law. In order to propose a way for experimentally observing this measurement-induced transition, we present numerical analyses using matrix-product states on quench dynamics of a dissipative Bose-Hubbard model with controllable two-body losses, which has been realized in recent experiments with ultracold atoms. We find that when the strength of dissipation increases, there occurs a measurement-induced transition from volume-law scaling to area-law scaling with a logarithmic correction in a region of relatively small dissipation. We also find that the strong dissipation leads to a revival of the volume-law scaling due to a continuous quantum Zeno effect. We show that dynamics starting with the area-law states exhibits the breaking of ergodicity, which can be used in experiments for distinguishing them from the volume-law states.