Abstract
Bubble columns are effective means of filtration in filtered containment venting systems. Here, the surface tension has a significant influence on bubble size distribution and bubble deformation, which have a strong impact on the behavior of the bubble column. The influence of aqueous inorganic compounds on the surface tension depends on the electrolytic activity, Debye length, entropy of ion hydration and surface deficiencies or excess. In this work the surface tensions of same specific aqueous solutions have been measured by different methods including platinum plate method, platinum ring method and maximum bubble pressure method. The measured surface tensions of both sodium hydroxide and sodium thiosulfate are less than that of water. As solution temperature ranges from 20 ℃ to 75 ℃, the surface tension of 0.5 mol/L sodium hydroxide solution decreases from 71 to 55 mN/m while that of 1 mol/L solution decreases from 60 to 45 mN/m. Similarly during the same temperature range, the surface tension of 0.5 mol/L sodium thiosulfate decreases from 70 to 38 mN/m and that of 1 mol/L sodium thiosulfate is between 68 and 36 mN/m. The analysis for the influence mechanism of aqueous inorganic on surface tension is provided. In addition, experimental results show that the surface tension of solid aerosol suspension liquid has no obvious difference from that of distilled water.
Highlights
Containment, as the last shield, plays a crucial role in protecting nuclear power plant (NPP), whose integrity defines the success of the safe strategy of NPP in severe accident
The all measured surface tensions of sodium thiosulfate solution are smaller than the one of distilled water at the same temperature. This result suggests that the cation and anion in aqueous sodium thiosulfate can result in surface deficiency
The surface tension/ electrolyte concentration gradients of aqueous sodium thiosulfate are negative, which proves that surface excess concentration or adsorption of the solute at the interface between liquid and gas is positive
Summary
Containment, as the last shield, plays a crucial role in protecting nuclear power plant (NPP), whose integrity defines the success of the safe strategy of NPP in severe accident. When the containment pressure rose beyond the threshold pressure, rupture or crevasse of some parts in containment could appear. One strategy for solving this problem is to discharge the gas in containment automatically when the pressure of containment is close to the threshold pressure (OECD/NEA/CSNI, 2014). The gas to be vented is composed of air and steam and various kinds of high-dose radioactive material. The representative radioactive materials that can do serious harm to the people and environment near NPP are iodine, aerosol, and methyl iodide. Filter containment venting systems (FCVS) are designed to filter radioactive materials when the gas within containment needs to be vented. Owning to the ability of enlarging specific transfer area and prolonging bubble resident time in solution, bubble column
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