Measurement, correlation of solubility and thermodynamic properties of 1,3-dichloro-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene in different mono-solvents

Abstract

The solubility of 1,3-dichloro-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (DCTNB) in sixteen mono-solvents (methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, toluene, xylenes, dichloromethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, 1,2-dichloroethane, acetone, ethyl acetate, acetonitrile, N-methylpyrrolidone, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide) was measured by a laser dynamic method over the temperature range from 298.15 K to 333.15 K under 0.1 MPa. The results show that the solubility of DCTNB increase with increasing temperature in ​​sixteen mono-solvents. Within the experimental temperature range, the average solubility of DCTNB was recorded as the maximum data in N-methylpyrrolidone (29.55 × 10−2) and the minimum data in isopropanol (0.26 × 10−2). The modified Apelblat equation, Yaws model, van't Hoff equation, λh equation, and new correlative combined model were used to correlate the solubility of DCTNB in sixteen mono-solvents, and the modified Apelblat equation and Yaws model showed satisfactory accordance with the experimental data. Furthermore, the thermodynamic properties of DCTNB dissolution process in the investigated mono-solvents, including standard dissolution enthalpy (9.08 ∼ 47.66 kJ·mol−1), standard dissolution entropy (18.61 ∼ 101.59 J·K−1·mol−1) and standard Gibbs free energy (3.22 ∼ 16.12 kJ·mol−1) were calculated by the van't Hoff and the Gibbs equations. The results demonstrate that the dissolution behavior of DCTNB in sixteen mono-solvents is a non-spontaneous and endothermic process. The solubility data, correlation models, and thermodynamics properties presented in this study would provide essential support for the research of purification and crystallization of DCTNB.