Measurement-Based Modeling of Time-Variant Fading Statistics in Indoor Peer-to-Peer Scenarios

Abstract

Investigation of small-scale fading in indoor peer-to-peer networks based on radio channel measurements shows that Rayleigh or double Rayleigh (DR) fading with or without line-of-sight (LOS) component can occur, depending on the mobility and on the scattering properties of the environment. While in double-mobile scenarios, the predominant fading mechanism is a combination of Rayleigh and DR fading, Rician fading and fading events caused by the combination of a constant term with a DR component are also occasionally observed. In single-mobile scenarios, temporal fading is Rician or Rayleigh distributed. Additionally, measurements reveal that fading statistics evolve significantly over time, even for small-scale motions of the nodes. We model the transitions between the fading states by means of a hidden Markov model, parameterized from our measurements. Eventually, we propose a complete simulation model that generates channel realizations by combining measurement-based first-order statistics with geometry-based second-order statistics for both types of node mobility.