Abstract
This paper presents an aggregate current-harmonic load model using power exponential functions and built from actual measurement data during the individual charging of four different fully electric vehicles. The model is based on individual emitted current harmonics as a function of state of charge (SOC), and was used to deterministically simulate the simultaneous charging of six vehicles fed from the same bus. The aggregation of current harmonics up to the 11th was simulated in order to find the circumstances when maximal current-harmonic magnitude occurs, and the phase-angle location. The number of possible identical vehicles was set to four, while battery SOC, the start of charging, and the kind of vehicle were randomized. The results are presented in tables, graphs, and polar plots. Even though simulations did not consider the surrounding harmonics, supply-voltage variation, or network impedance, this paper presents an innovative modeling approach that gives valuable information on the individual current-harmonic contribution of aggregated electric-vehicle loads. With the future implementation of vehicle-to-grid technology, this way of modeling presents new opportunities to predict the harmonic outcome of multiple electric vehicles charging.
Highlights
In recent years, energy policies and the desire to reduce air pollution have resulted in increased reception of electric vehicles (EVs)
The study showed that the level of cancellation depends on the considered harmonic order, EV operating state, the phase angles of the background harmonic voltages, and the harmonic currents emitted by other loads
Sheng et al showed in their optimized charging model that the effect of a harmonic current can be reduced when EVs are charged at different initial state of charge (SOC) [33]
Summary
Energy policies and the desire to reduce air pollution have resulted in increased reception of electric vehicles (EVs). The study showed that the level of cancellation depends on the considered harmonic order, EV operating state, the phase angles of the background harmonic voltages, and the harmonic currents emitted by other loads. Sheng et al showed in their optimized charging model that the effect of a harmonic current can be reduced when EVs are charged at different initial SOC [33]. The magnitude and phase angles of current-harmonic emissions of four fully electric vehicles were measured several times during the mains part of the charging cycle. The models were used to simulate the aggregation of multiple EV charging This was followed by deterministic simulations to find situations (number of EV types, start time of charging, and level of SOC) when the maximal amplitude of individual current harmonics occurred.
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