Abstract
The study of the different backgrounds which the muon detectors of the CMS experiment are exposed to, is fundamental to assess the system longevity and project its performance to the conditions expected for HL-LHC. In this respect, an accurate modelling of the backgrounds in simulation is of prime importance as many studies rely on simulation-based predictions while these future conditions have never been experienced in reality. This paper will present the state of the art of the work carried out to understand backgrounds observed with data collected during the LHC runs, as well as at the CERN high-intensity gamma irradiation facility. Furthermore, the effort made to improve the accuracy of FLUKA and GEANT4 based simulations of background will be thoroughly described.
Highlights
The High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) [1] upgrade is planned to extend the sensitivity for new physics searches by increasing the instantaneous luminosity up to 5 ⇥ 1034 cm−2s−1 (7.5 ⇥ 1034 cm−2s−1 in the ultimate scenario) and the centre-of-mass energy for proton-proton (p–p) collisions to 14 TeV
As of 2017, three types of chambers make up the CMS muon system: Drift Tube (DT) chambers, Cathode Strip Chambers (CSC) and Resistive Plate Chambers (RPC)
Work is still ongoing to increase the accuracy of the simulation and to fully understand the neutron background in real data
Summary
The High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) [1] upgrade is planned to extend the sensitivity for new physics searches by increasing the instantaneous luminosity up to 5 ⇥ 1034 cm−2s−1 (7.5 ⇥ 1034 cm−2s−1 in the ultimate scenario) and the centre-of-mass energy for proton-proton (p–p) collisions to 14 TeV. The projected evolution of instantaneous and integrated luminosities and pile-up with time is shown in Fig. 1 for the design scheme. As it can be seen from the figure, the current “Phase-1” data taking period will end in the year 2023, followed by a shutdown for the HL-LHC upgrade ending in 2026. The high rate expected at HL-LHC is a major challenge for the particle muon detector longevity and the muon reconstruction. It can decrease the gas gain and increase hitefficiency losses. Simulation and study of the background in the muon system is of primary importance for future operations
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