Abstract
The energy yield of vehicle-integrated photovoltaics (VIPV) differs from that of standard photovoltaics (PV). It is mainly by the difference of the solar irradiance onto the car roof and car bodies as well as its curved shape. Both meaningful and practical modeling and measurement of solar irradiance for VIPV need to be established, rather than the extension of the current technologies. The solar irradiance is modeled by a random distribution of shading objects and car orientation with the correction of the curved surface of the PV modules. The measurement of the solar irradiance onto the car roof and car body is done using five pyranometers in five local axes on the car for one year. The measured dynamic solar irradiance onto the car body and car roof is used for validation of the solar irradiance model in the car.
Highlights
Let us think about a solar engine car, considering the recent development and success of electric vehicles (EV) and plug-in hybrid vehicles (PHV)
The atmospheric parameters that impact performance of high-efficiency solar cells are identified using a statistical approach [37] and to concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) [38] that is recently considered as a right candidate [39], fine-tuning of the bandgap design for VIPV application based-on the model as mentioned above [40], prediction of the energy yield with consideration of the spectrum and angular issues [41], and the rating method of the VIPV with consideration of above issues [42]
It is necessary to specify the orientation of the panel, sun height, ratiocar ofroof the approach can simulate the distribution of the solar irradiance of the and curved to every curve surface
Summary
Let us think about a solar engine car, considering the recent development and success of EVs (electric vehicles) and PHVs (plug-in hybrid vehicles). The car roof is three-dimensionally curved, and its curvature may induce power loss by increased cosine loss and self-shading loss [1] This activity is mainly done by an international web-meeting which targets standardization of the vehicle-integrated photovoltaic and regularly publishes almost every half-year with the progress of arguments [16,17,18,19,20]. For predicting the total solar energy to a vehicle (either annual or monthly basis) in a specific area, not in a particular driving course, it is convenient to predict the shading influence using rough indicators of the roughness of the land. The value of the annual or monthly solar irradiance value in a specific area is valuable to predict the driving performance of vehicles mounting the PV panel. Note that it is convenient to represent the height of the surrounding buildings and other shading objects scaling by the shading angle (grazing angle) [24]
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