Abstract
This study is aimed at developing a method to controllably manipulate kidney stones in the human body using a single ultrasound source. Calculation and measurement of the lateral force on a sphere using various acoustic beams (vortex and radially-varying phased beams) were compared. A 256-element, 1.5-MHz array was used to synthesize the beams. Spheres of 1–6 mm (6 < ka < 20) diameter made of glass, ceramic, or brass were positioned on an acoustically matched platform at the focus rigidly attached to the transducer by a frame. The transducer and platform were rotated to the angle at which the trapped sphere fell. The acoustic power was <9 W and was adjusted by the duty cycle (10–60%) to control the range of the trapping angle. Maximum temporal average intensity ISPTA was 46.5 W/cm2. The acoustic force was calculated numerically as in Sapozhnikov and Bailey [JASA, 133, 616 (2013)] and the angle calculated with static force equilibrium equation. Good agreement between calculation and measurement was observed, with an average error in angle measured of 11.3%. The maximum lateral forces were 80% of the axial radiation force and 52% the gravitational force. [Work supported by NIH P01-DK043881, K01-DK104854, R01EB7643, and RBBR 17-02-00261.]
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