Measurement and Analysis of Transport Vibration for LTL Freight Utilizing Stowage Optimization Equipment

Abstract

The random vibration spectra typically used in lab based simulations towards developing and validating optimized packages for distribution have been developed through past research that have studied global transport vibration environments. Approximately 67% of all the freight tonnage moved in the U.S. utilizes heavy duty Class 8 trucks. While the floor (suspension) based vibration simulation profiles for these types of trucks are available towards lab based simulation, there have been no studies investigating the impact of shelving and stacking systems typically used for optimization of freight stowage in truck trailers by many freight companies. It is important to quantify how these storage systems affect the vibration levels experienced by loads within the trailers. This study utilized data recorders to measure and analyze the vibration levels experienced by products placed on aluminum decking beams and steel decking tables commonly used for stacking of loads on truck trailers in less-than-truckload (LTL) freight. Random vibration profiles were measured from the aluminum decking beams, steel decking tables and floor of the truck trailers. The results of this study show that the vibration levels experienced by LTL cargo, when decking tables and beams are used for stowage, are significantly different in comparison to the commonly used International Safe Transit Association steel spring truck profile. Using the power density spectrums developed in this study, packaging engineers should be able to develop and/or validate optimum protective packaging systems for LTL cargo transportation in North America that implement such stowage practices.