Means of Parodying in Mykola Lysenko's Satirical Opera “Eneyida”

Abstract

The peculiarities of the embodiment of parodying means in M. Lysenko's opera “Eneyida” are highlighted. The traditions of reflecting the manifestations of the aesthetic category “Comic” (and, more broadly, “Laughter”) in the art of music in general are traced, and one aspect of musical comedy — musical parodying — is considered specifically in the satirical music and stage work of the true Ukrainian composer. The basic techniques of parodying were the techniques of exaggeration and discrepancy, which in a musical (including musical-stage) work “act” at interrelated levels of genre and style, as well as at the intersection of levels of genre and style. There are following features revealed in M. Lysenko's opera “Eneyida”: at the level of the genre - — methods of parody genre comparison, deviation, counterpoint; at the level of style — techniques of parody stylization and stylistic allusion, within which the techniques of stylistic counterpoint, synthesis, modulation are observed; at the level of genre-style interactions — the most complex sets of techniques of parodying, such as genre-style comparisons and transformations. It is proved that basically, the composer uses burlesque-type parodying, that is, the rendering of low-key verbal text in an elevated musical language that belongs to “serious” genres and styles; in some cases, a parodying of the type of travesty, that is, the presentation of a pseudo-elevated verbal text in a lowlevel musical language, was found. Regarding the panoramas of parody reinterpreted genre and style primary sources used in the opera, it was found that M. Lysenko, as the founder of the Ukrainian national composer school, undoubtedly prefers genre-style models of Ukrainian folklore; these models are combined with “non-national”, which belong to professional composing. There are also cases of parody quasi-quotes, such as Varlam's song from “Boris Godunov” in the Apollo aria. It is proved that the role of parody techniques is extremely important for outlining satirical characters and situations, in discrediting their imaginary significance and revealing the true essence, as well as in creating parody drama of satirical images, scenes. It was found that the composer uses parody techniques to create both direct characteristics of satirical images and indirect.