Abstract

Theoretical and numerical turbulent flow studies either consider turbulence as generated by fluid-solid interactions or focus on intrinsic, bulk properties. There is another group of flows for which homogeneity and isotropy are broken by the body force that sustains the flow, not by physical boundaries. In this class we consider the cellular flow produced by a two-dimensional spatially periodic forcing whose laminar state corresponds to a regular array of counter-rotating vortices. We find that, despite the developed turbulence recovering isotropic features at small scales, the signature of forcing remains in the mean flow, allowing us to quantify the efficiency of the work done by the force.

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