Mean Adiponectin Levels and Frequency of Hypoadiponectinemia in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

doi:10.36283/pjmd10-1/007

Abstract

Background: Insulin resistance, a major pathogenic factor in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM), has an inverse correlation with adiponectin; therefore, the role of adiponectin in the pathogenesis of GDM has been suggested. The study aimed to determine mean adiponectin levels and the frequency of hypoadiponectinemia in patients with GDM. Methods: The study was carried out at Dr. Ziauddin University Hospital, Karachi from June 2016 to December 2017. A total of 99 women of age group 15-45 years diagnosed with GDM on Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) at 24-28 weeks of gestations were included in the study. Patient’s data was recorded on proposed proforma, regarding age, gestational age, parity, ethnicity, Body Mass Index (BMI). Serum samples for quantitative estimation of Adiponectin were collected while performing OGTT and were analyzed on Immunoassay in conjunction with control materials. Mean±Std. was calculated for quantitative variables. Percentages and frequencies were calculated for categorical variables. For significant differences between categories, an independent t-test and Chi-square test were used. Results: High frequency of hypoadiponectinemia was observed in GDM women with mean adiponectin levels of 6.90±2.86 µg/ml (95%CI: 6.33 to 7.47). Out of 99 GDM women, 91(91.92%) had hypoadiponectinemia while 8(8.08%) had normal Adiponectin levels. A significant (p=0.05) association was found between BMI and hypoadiponectinemia. Conclusion: In the majority of GDM females, hypoadiponectinemia was observed. The high frequency of hypoadiponectinemia suggests further large-scale studies, are warranted to ascertain the diagnostic accuracy of adiponectin as a potential biomarker for GDM.

Highlights

Pregnancy is a physiological state, which often leads to the development of certain metabolic complications
This study included ninety-nine pregnant females aged 15-45 years diagnosed as Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) by Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) between 24 to 28 weeks of gestation
Among all pregnant females diagnosed with GDM 91.92% (91/99) had decreased Adiponectin levels labeled as hypoadiponectinemia compared to study conducted by Chen et al in 2012 which stated the frequency of hypoadiponectinemia as 50.7% in GDM patients

Summary

Introduction

Pregnancy is a physiological state, which often leads to the development of certain metabolic complications. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is at present the most commonly diagnosed metabolic disorder in pregnant women. GDM is defined as “any degree of glucose intolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy” 1. A study done in Pakistan reported the frequency of patients diagnosed as GDM on the Glucose Tolerance Test as 26.3% 3. Mean adiponectin levels of 5.43±2.28 were found in patients diagnosed with GDM and was proved lower when compared to patients without GDM1. A major pathogenic factor in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM), has an inverse correlation with adiponectin; the role of adiponectin in the pathogenesis of GDM has been suggested.

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