McrtFOAM: A mesh-agglomeration Monte Carlo ray-tracing solver for radiative transfer in gray semitransparent solids

Abstract

Monte Carlo ray-tracing method has become a promising technique for solving radiative transfer. However, large memory footprint or long CPU time hampers its further utilization. In this work, a Monte Carlo ray-tracing method radiation solver called mcrtFOAM is developed in the framework of open source CFD toolbox OpenFOAM. The radiative source term is calculated based on the radiation distribution factor to avoid repeated ray tracing. In addition, a mesh-agglomeration technique is used to overcome the problem of memory catastrophe for storing a huge radiation distribution factor matrix caused by a large number of mesh elements. The key principle is to agglomerate the refined mesh elements to the coarse ones, and the calculation of radiation distribution factor as well as radiative source term is carried out in the coarse mesh, while the procedure of ray tracing as well as solving the heat conduction is performed in the refined mesh. After validation of the algorithm code within a cubic enclosure, a coupled conductive–radiative heat transfer problem within a cylindrical enclosure filled with gray semitransparent solids is also tested. To test the present solver in realistic industrial systems, a coupled conductive–radiative heat transfer within a tomographic porous structure with gray surfaces is further investigated. All results are compared with previous studies and the solutions by the Finite Volume Discrete Ordinate Method (FVDOM) in OpenFOAM, and they all show great satisfaction. When the mcrtFOAM solver is used for solving the radiative transfer equation, it is found that the CPU time and the memory footprint consumed by the present mcrtFOAM solver with mesh-agglomeration technique are far less than that without this technique. Convincing first implementation exercises indicate that both significant memory and CPU benefits can be expected for configurations of industrial interest These findings will contribute greatly to achieve the calculation of coupled heat transfer involving radiation within large number of mesh elements.