Mıchel Butor’un Dereceler Adlı Romanında Anlatımsal Yapı Ve Anlatım Yöntemleri

Abstract

“Grades” indicates the end of Micel Butor’s novels based on a monophonic narration and heralds the beginning of his polyphonic work of art. Despite of the fact that there is one narrator in each one of the first three novels of the author, “Passage de Milan”, “ L’Emploi du Temps” and “La Modification”, three different narrators compose “Grades” A history lesson of a teacher “Discovery and Conquest of America” in October 12th, 1954 between 15:00 and 16:00 hours with second grade pupils at Taine Hight School in Paris is described in “Grades”. Various periods and regions are explained in a rather narrow location and in a very short time like one hour. The extention of the story is ensured by means of quotations and references to many texts related to the topic. We witness the endeavour of Michel Butor to inform readers, to cooperate with them, and his struggle with texts forming his work of art together with historical and literary travel of the narrator in this particular novel consisting of three main chapters each containing seven sections. In other words, a description of a high school class in Paris is made in “ Grades” as well as three phases of the author’s literary production.