Abstract
Disaster Area Wireless Networks (DAWNs) are widely deployed in natural or man-made disaster scenes, since the communication infrastructure may be completely destroyed by the disaster. This paper proposes a hybrid network architecture for DAWNs due to the mobility of first responders and refugees. Based on the link characterization of DAWNs, we choose four essential criteria and propose a multi-criteria decision-making method for emergency communication protocol (MCDM-ECP), which utilizes the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method to find the optimal next-hop node in DAWNs. Routing discovery and routing maintenance processes are included in the novel protocol. The simulation results show that MCDM-ECP performs better than other classical protocols both in energy consumption and packet received rate (PRR) for long-term emergency communications.
Highlights
In recent years, a tremendous number of studies based on observed evidences or data-based experiments have shown that the number, frequency, and severity of disaster events are sharply increasing around the world [1]
The algorithm can reduce energy consumption for mobile nodes, and extend the network lifetime for Disaster Area Wireless Networks (DAWNs), which is of great importance for disaster relief
Traditional routing algorithms cannot satisfy the requirements of networks for emergency Traditional routing algorithms cannot satisfy the requirements of networks for emergency communication scenarios, because of the topology dynamics and limited power characterizing these communication scenarios, because of the topology dynamics and limited power characterizing networks
Summary
A tremendous number of studies based on observed evidences or data-based experiments have shown that the number, frequency, and severity of disaster events are sharply increasing around the world [1] Natural disasters such as Hurricane Katrina in the United States (USA), the tsunami in Asia, or man-made attacks such as the 9/11 terrorist attack in New York in 2001 and the London bombings in 2005 have shown that the use of communications and network connectivity is of vital importance for saving lives [2]. Another one of the large-area disasters undergoing a clear increase in its scales, magnitudes, and consequences are wildfires In this context, the report presented at the annual meeting of the American Geophysical Union in San Francisco (USA) in late 2012 predicted that the burned area from wildfires in the USA would double in size by 2050 due to warmer and drier conditions in forthcoming decades [4].
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