May Contain Graphic Material

Abstract

Since the firstSupermanfilm came to the screen in 1978, films adapted from comics have become increasingly important as a film form. But 1978 was also important because it was the year of release for Will Eisner'sA Contract with God, and Other Stories, generally credited as the first long-form comic book to label itself a graphic novel. Since that time, advances in computer-generated special effects have significantly improved the ability of film to capture the style and action of comics, producing such hugely successful films asX-Men(2000) andSpider-Man(2002). Meanwhile, the genre of the graphic novel has greatly evolved as a form—especially through the works of people like Frank Miller and Alan Moore—taking comics in dramatically new and different directions, generally darker and more serious than conventional comics. Graphic novels have also formed the basis for less visually spectacular, but intelligent and thoughtful films such asGhost World(2001) andAmerican Splendor(2002). Booker surveys this important development in film history, tracking the movement to a more mature style in comics, and then a more mature style in filmsaboutcomics. He focuses on detailed discussions of 15 major films or franchises, but also considers the general impact of graphic novels on the style and content of American film in general. TheBatmanfranchise, especially in the 1989 film and in 2005'sBatman Begins, has provided adaptations of a classic comic-book motif inflected through theDark Knightgraphic novels of Frank Miller. The marriage of new film technology and the development of the genre of the graphic novel has produced a number of important innovations in film, including such breakthrough efforts in visual art asThe Crow(1994), andSin City(2005). Films such asRoad to Perdition(2002) andA History of Violence(2005) have provided interesting adaptations of noirish graphic novels that rely somewhat less on visual style to achieve their effects.