Maximum relative density of clean sand as a function of median grain size and compaction energy

Abstract

For granular soils with less than 12% fines, relative density (Dr) is probably a better indicator for end product compaction specification than relative compaction. Relative density is a function of maximum (emax), minimum (emin), and in-situ (e) void ratios of the soils. Past investigators have shown that emax-emin can be correlated with the median grain size (D50). With that background, laboratory compaction tests were conducted on 55 clean sand samples (percent on fines ≤5%). The compaction tests consisted of standard Proctor, reduced standard Proctor, modified Proctor, and reduced modified Proctor tests. The energy of compaction was thus varied from 360 kN-m-m3 to 2700 kN-m-m3. Based on the laboratory test results, the relative densities of compaction at maximum dry unit weight have been detennined. These relative densities have been correlated with the median grain size (D50) and energy of compaction (E).