Abstract
An ideal refrigerator using a perfect gas working fluid is defined which gives the efficiency of a refrigerator as a function of compressor and expander efficiency, heat exchanger temperature difference, and heat exchanger pressure drop. Although not suited to detailed hardware design, this approach clearly relates the overall cycle efficiency to component efficiencies. In contrast, computer studies of specific cycles using real fluid properties are usually such that the details tend to overshadow major trends. The results of the study show that in an efficient cycle the major losses are in the compressor and the cold and expansion device. For current compressor and expander efficiencies the maximum practical helium temperature refrigerator efficiency is about 37% of Carnot.
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