Abstract
The maximum-likelihood estimator for passive range and depth estimation of an acoustic point source in a shallow-water waveguide is presented. The data from a vertical array of hydrophones are passed through a modal filter, the output of which is the set of complex modal amplitudes associated with the normal-mode model of acoustic propagation. The range and depth estimates are then found by a maximum-likelihood estimation procedure that uses these modal amplitudes as inputs. This technique is compared to the matched-field procedure and is shown to have better signal-to-noise and sidelobe behavior for a given scenario. Results are given for both synthetic and real data. The results with the real data demonstrate the importance of the mode-filtering property of the maximum-likelihood estimator presented in this work.
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