Abstract
We show how the specific latent heat is relevant to characterize the first-order phase transitions in neutron stars. Our current knowledge of this dynamical quantity strongly depends on the uncertainty bands of Chiral Perturbation Theory and of pQCD calculations and can be used to diagnose progress on the equation of state. We state what is known to be hadron-model independent and without feedback from neutron star observations and, therefore, they can be used to test General Relativity as well as theories beyond GR, such as modified gravity.
Highlights
One essential point in the present discussion on strongly interacting matter at finite density is whether there may be a first order phase transition
We do not know whether neutron-star matter undergoes such first-order phase transition to an exotic, perhaps nonhadronic phase, of great interest to nuclear and particle physics [1]
Constrained only by input from hadron physics and fundamental principles, without feedback from neutron star observations. They are obtained starting from Chiral Perturbative theories (ChPT) at low density and ending at perturbative Quantum Chromodynamics, using first principles alone
Summary
One essential point in the present discussion on strongly interacting matter at finite density is whether there may be a first order phase transition. We do not know whether neutron-star matter undergoes such first-order phase transition to an exotic, perhaps nonhadronic phase, of great interest to nuclear and particle physics [1]. Observables including mass, radius, moment of inertia and tidal deformability are largely determined by the equation of state that abstracts microscopic properties of the phase of the material. If there is a first-order transition between phases of very different energy density Δ this could verifiably affect the mass-radius relation, for example. Possible first-order phase transitions would leave distinct observable traces, such as a kink in the massradius diagram
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