Abstract
Most of the energy radiated by an antenna lies outside the 3-db. contour of the antenna power pattern. The fraction of the total power which is within the region of concern, not necessarily restricted to the 3-db. points, is termed the concentration factor. The maximum antenna gain of narrow shaped beams, such as the cosecant-squared pattern and its various modifications, can be evaluated within 1 db. if the concentration factor is assumed to be 0.4 for the specific limiting contour which is selected; that is, 60 per cent of the transmitted energy lies outside this region in space. It is unlikely that the measured gain will exceed the answer obtained with this value of the concentration factor by more than 1 db. On the other hand, if the computed gain exceeds the measured value by more than 1 db., it is probable that the design can be improved. The principal result relates the maximum antenna gain of a shaped beam G M to the concentration factor ν(Σ) with the equation G M= 22.2η(σ) B n(Bv + 0.715I 2) where B II and B v are the horizontal and vertical beamwidths, respectively. The quantity I 2 is dependent on the beam shape in the vertical plane, as defined in Eq. 16.
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