Maximizing Well-Being in the Context of Long-Term Services and Supports: A Q Methodological Approach

Abstract

ABSTRACT Objectives The goal of this study was to investigate diversity in stakeholders’ perspectives on how best to maximize older adults’ well-being when they use long-term services and supports (LTSS). Methods We used Q methodology, an exploratory method, to investigate preference patterns among a purposive sample of older adults, family members, and leadership professionals (n = 57). Participants categorized 52 items related to 9 domains of LTSS quality relevant to well-being into categories of importance. We used factors analysis and qualitative methods to identify groups of individuals who identified similar priorities. Results The analysis identified four shared viewpoints, each prioritizing different aspects of well-being: 1) physical health and safety; 2) independence; 3) emotional well-being; and 4) social engagement. Individual and contextual factors, including stakeholder role, care needs, and expectations for LTSS, appeared to influence participants’ perspectives. Conclusions Distinct viewpoints on how to maximize well-being when older adults use LTSS exist. Our results affirm the importance of person-centered care yet demonstrate that shared preference patterns LTSS exist. Clinical Implications Engaging with older adults’ values and preferences is critical to improving their experiences with LTSS. Better understanding common preference patterns could help providers deliver person-centered care more efficiently and effectively.