Abstract
In this article, we present a simple methodology based on Max-Neef, Elizalde and Hopenhayn (1991) “human scale development” paradigm to measure current levels of Quality of Life (QoL) for urban environments. In this procedure, fundamental human needs form the study domains. We assess their fulfilment with a set of questions reflecting the subjective dimension of QoL. We sort questions into needs after two consecutive processes: a qualitative one involving local communities and/or expert groups, and a quantitative one involving the definition of weights for each question and per need. Complementarily, we add objective indicators to reflect the objective dimension of QoL. This way, we make possible a comparison between the two dimensions and a definition and computation of an integrative QoL. We argue that this method can be used to define more holistic urban quality indexes to improve decision making processes, policies and plans. It can also be seen as a tool to enhance bottom-up approaches and processes of urban analysis to create more liveable places for the dwellers.
Highlights
Urban environments have traditionally attracted people as they offer a wide choice of positive stimuli and opportunities for housing, work and leisure (Bonnes, Scopelliti, Fornara, & Carrus, 2013)
The subjective perception and feelings that a city dweller obtains from its surroundings is usually more than the mere sum of its isolated, and objectivised, forming parts
An integrative assessment is needed to conflate objective and subjective spheres to evaluate Quality of Life (QoL) in the particular case of the urban environment, keeping always in mind that, as society–nature relationships are characterised by complexity, uncertainty and political contentiousness, a complete and impartial view is rarely, if ever, possible
Summary
Urban environments have traditionally attracted people as they offer a wide choice of positive stimuli and opportunities for housing, work and leisure (Bonnes, Scopelliti, Fornara, & Carrus, 2013) This attraction has led to the creation of big urban settlements that accumulate today 55% of earth’s total population, a number that is expected to grow up to 68% in 2050 (United Nations, 2018). Examples are road traffic noise, poor air quality, high temperature and crowding, to name just a few These sources of environmental stress have various physical and psychological consequences, including healthrelated problems, annoyance, negative emotions and diminished cognitive functioning (Bilotta & Evans, 2013; Bonnes et al, 2013). It seems clear that the continuous accumulation of the population in cities worldwide, along with uncontrolled urban sprawl, is leading to degraded urban habitats, seriously affecting the emotional and physical state of city dwellers (Costanza et al, 2007; Kennedy & Adolphs, 2011; Lederbogen et al, 2011; Moro, Brereton, Ferreira, & Clinch, 2008; Veenhoven, 2007)
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