Maximal surfaces and the universal Teichmüller space

Abstract

We show that any element of the universal Teichmuller space is realized by a unique minimal Lagrangian diffeomorphism from the hyperbolic plane to itself. The proof uses maximal surfaces in the 3-dimensional anti-de Sitter space. We show that, in AdSn+1, any subset E of the boundary at infinity which is the boundary at infinity of a space-like hypersurface bounds a maximal space-like hypersurface. In AdS3, if E is the graph of a quasi-symmetric homeomorphism, then this maximal surface is unique, and it has negative sectional curvature. As a by-product, we find a simple characterization of quasi-symmetric homeomorphisms of the circle in terms of 3-dimensional projective geometry.