Abstract
ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to assess the maximum oxygen uptake (V̇O2max), the total metabolic energy expenditure (), and the energy cost (C) measured as the speed of V̇O2max in swimmers with physical impairments. Eleven swimmers performed an Nx200-m front crawl test from a low to all-out speed and data were obtained at maximum aerobic power. The oxygen uptake was measured breath-by-breath by a telemetric gas exchange system. The was calculated from the aerobic and anaerobic pathways at maximal intensity. The C was obtained by the ratio of the and the mean swimming speed. The V̇O2max was 38.2 ± 8.3 mL.kg.min−1, the was 191.9 ± 51.7 kJ, and the C was 0.8 ± 0.2 kJ.m−1. The energy contribution of the aerobic pathway was higher (p < 0.001) than that of both the anaerobic pathways, which were similar (p > 0.05). There was no gender effect on the results of the energy contributions (p > 0.05). The anaerobic lactic pathway contribution was higher in male than in female swimmers (p < 0.05). The V̇O2max and C were higher in swimmers who were less affected by physical impairment. The energy contribution of the aerobic pathways was similar for males and females.
Highlights
The physiological parameters related to performance are effectively developed as a function of each athlete’s potentialities and singularities (Barbosa et al, 2010)
The results were displayed as the mean, standard deviation, and confidence interval for the mean of swimmers with physical impairments at the speed of maximum oxygen uptake for the variables (V O2max, Lapeak, C, E_tot, HRmax, and %HRmax) obtained with vV O2max (Table 1)
By assigning females to one group and males to another, we demonstrated that the vV O2max, V O2max, E_tot, and C were higher in the group of male swimmers with physical impairments than the group of females
Summary
The physiological parameters related to performance are effectively developed as a function of each athlete’s potentialities and singularities (Barbosa et al, 2010). Among the important physiological parameters related to human locomotion used in the sports performance assessment are the maximum aerobic power (V O2max), the total metabolic energy expenditure (E_ tot), and the energy cost (C) (Fernandes et al, 2006; Morris, Osborne, Shephard, Jenkins, & Skinner, 2017). Swimmers with physical disabilities are classified into sports classes by the impact of an eligible impairment on their ability to perform the specific and fundamental tasks of the sport (classes S1 to S10 from the highest to the lowest impact) According to different cases of disabilities and their relationship with aerobic power, expressions of energy metabolic rates and C can provide useful information for training strategies and performance improvement of these swimmers
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