Maxillo-Mandibular Odontogenic Tumors: Anatomopathological and Clinical Profile Owendo University Hospital

Abstract

Introduction: Maxillomandibular tumors are neoformations that develop on the mandible or maxilla, and may be benign or malignant. When they are related to elements of the dental system, they are called odontogenic maxillo-mandibular tumors. Objective: To study the anatomical and clinical features of odontogenic maxillo-mandibular tumors. Patients and Methods: This was a retrospective, observational, descriptive, analytical and monocentric study conducted in the Department of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery over a 6-year period, from March 2016 to June 2022. All patients with histologically proven odontogenic maxillo-mandibular tumours were included. Non-odontogenic tumours and incomplete files were excluded. The parameters studied were: Epidemiological data (prevalence, sex, age, occupation, history), histo-clinical data (time to consultation, functional signs, physical signs), paraclinical data (imaging, anatomopathology). Results: The number of cases collected was 35. Odontogenic maxillo-mandibular tumours accounted for 34.3% of all maxillo-mandibular tumours. The mean age was 31.63 years, with extremes ranging from 03 to 68 years. The sex ratio was 0.94, with females predominating. Unemployment accounted for 40% of cases. Maxillary or mandibular swelling was present in 94.3% of patients, and dental extraction was performed in 34.3%. CT scans were performed in 82.8% of patients. Anatomopathological examination revealed 88.6% benign tumours and 11.4% malignant tumours (4 patients). Ameloblastoma accounted for 61.3% of benign tumours. Ameloblastic carcinoma accounted for 50% of malignant tumours. Conclusion: Maxillo-mandibular odontogenic tumours are common and are revealed by maxillary or mandibular swelling. Their characteristics differ according to whether they are benign or malignant. Ameloblastoma is the most common maxillo-mandibular odontogenic tumor.