MAXI upper limits of the electromagnetic counterpart of GW170817

Abstract

Abstract We report on the Monitor of All-sky X-ray Image (MAXI) observation of the gravitational-wave (GW) event GW170817 and the electromagnetic counterpart of GW170817. GW170817 is a binary neutron star coalescence candidate detected by the Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) and Advanced Virgo detectors, and it is the first event for which the optical counterpart has been discovered. In the MAXI observation, the Gas Slit Camera (GSC) covered approximately 62% of the sky region of the GW event within the 90% probability during the first 92 min orbital period after the trigger. No significant X-ray transient was detected in the error region, and the upper limit of the average flux with a significance of 3σ in the 2–10 keV band was 53/26 mCrab (one-orbit observation/one-day observation). In the optical counterpart of GW170817, the observational window of the GSC at the position started 20 s after the GW trigger, but the high-voltage power supply of the GSC was unfortunately off at the time because the International Space Station (ISS) was entering a high-particle-background region.The first observation of the position by the GSC was eventually performed 16797 s (4.6 hr) after the GW trigger, yielding the 3σ upper limit of 8.60 × 10−9 erg cm−2 s−1 in the 2–10 keV band, though it was the earliest X-ray observation of the counterpart.