基于Maxent模型的粤港澳大湾区水鸟多样性热点研究

Abstract

粤港澳大湾区拥有丰富的滨海湿地和水网湿地，是水鸟迁徙路线上的重要栖息地。基于55种水鸟的分布数据和15个环境变量数据，利用最大熵模型（Maximum Entropy model）分析了粤港澳大湾区水鸟多样性的空间分布格局及热点地区。研究表明：影响水鸟潜在分布的主要环境因子依次是降雨量季节变化、土地利用类型、距离水源的距离，水鸟丰富度最高出现在粤港澳大湾区的东南区域，呈现往内陆地区逐渐降低的趋势，与当地水资源空间分布一致。水鸟多样性热点地区分布在东南部沿海一带，集中在珠海、江门、深圳、中山等市。研究结果能为粤港澳大湾区水鸟多样性保护规划提供参考，对维持该区域生态系统安全和稳定具有重要意义。;The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area (GHMGBA) has abundant wetland resource, and is regarded as important habitat for migratory waterbirds. Here, we use the Maxent model to explore the spatial pattern and hotspots of waterbirds diversity in the GHMGBA, based on the occurrence records of 55 waterbirds and 15 environmental variables. The results showed that precipitation seasonality, land cover, and distance to the nearest surface water were the main environmental factors affecting the potential distribution of waterbirds. In general, richness of waterbirds was highest in the southeast, and exhibited a trend of gradually declining to the inland area, which is consistent with the spatial patterns of local water resources. Waterbird hotspots are located in the southeast coastal area of the GHMGBA, especially in Zhuhai, Jiangmen, Shenzhen, and Zhongshan cities. Our results not only could provide a reference for conservation planning of waterbirds, but also are conducive to maintaining the safety and stability of the ecosystem in this region.